Hi-
Short answer: Yes, they can.
Long answer:
From my experience, those plants don't need too much water for their survival. In contrast, overwatering is a guaranteed death sentence. Your weather condition is similar to mine, and YES, they can survive. In fact, they go dormant during the cold winter months, so you can put them into your house or greenhouse that has good air circulation. Under dormancy means that they don't require much light and water, although you should find a place that is bright enough to prevent elongation.
Sometimes, they will wither and wrinkle a bit, but it is okay and acceptable. Watering when and only when the temperature rises again. For the warmer months, I usually water them once or twice a week, while in the winter, I don't.
Astrophytum 's natural habitat is located somewhere in Mexico and the US desert, which received some rain from occasional hurricanes in Summer, while remaining completely dry during the winter. We should follow it.
However, for many growers near the Equator like Singapore or Thailand, where the temperature is always higher than 20 degrees Celsius, their Astrophytum can be grown throughout the year.
Notes:
20 degrees is just for your reference, not for absolute measurement. It is more complicated than the temperature alone for the plant to undergo dormancy. Some factors are day-night cycles, humidity, and so on. In order to simplify, I focus on the temperature because it is easier for growers like us to tell the difference. The temperature could take months to drop and months to rise again, and what I would like to say is "no water during that period, which is the time you feel cold outside".
A. asterias took very, very long to grow, so be patient. They only grow about a few centimeters in diameter per year. My plants double their size in the last year, from 1 cm to 2 cm, despite my living in a sub-tropical region, which has at least 6 warm months. WOW.