Well, according to my experience, it takes years. Only adult plants have flowers. However, I had the surprise to find flowers this year on a small cut I made last summer, probably because the buds were already formed.
It also needs enought sun. We have jade plants all over the yard, but it doesn't get much sun so it doesn't flower. It is all over the neighbor's homes also, and they all seem to flower, but get more sun. Mike